Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is defined by a gradual loss of bone density, rendering bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures.

There are two types of osteoporosis: primary and secondary.

Primary osteoporosis is due to age and/or menopause. The drop in estrogen levels during menopause increases the activity of osteoclasts, the bone cells that increase bone resorption and contribute to bone mass loss. As for age, humans reach their maximum bone density in adulthood. Over the years, with each cycle of bone resorption-absorption, there is a loss of density of about 0.7% per year.

Secondary osteoporosis is the secondary effect of another condition, often endocrine disorders such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome. Alcoholism, immobilization, insufficient mineral intake, and corticosteroid use are other factors that can cause bone density loss.

Physical activity, particularly resistance training, reduces bone density loss. The impact of physical activity from ground contacts and the tension created by muscle and tendon traction on bones stimulate osteoblasts, increasing absorption and thus bone density. In other words, being physically active is a good means of prevention and delaying for osteoporosis.

What if I already have osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis can be managed with proper exercise programming - it would include strength and weight bearing exercises to protect bones from fracture and also improve posture and alignment. Balance and fall prevention would be of high importance as falls are the main causes for fractures. A kinesiologist, as an expert in human biomechanics, would also teach proper body mechanics for daily activities to prevent fractures, such as proper lifting and bending techniques to protect the spine.